Chorea is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary, irregular, and unpredictable movements that appear to flow from one muscle group to another. These movements are often rapid, non-repetitive, and can affect various parts of the body, including the limbs, face, and trunk. Chorea can significantly impact motor control and coordination, leading to difficulties with tasks such as walking, writing, or maintaining posture. The condition is often described as dance-like or jerky and can range in severity from mild to disabling. The primary cause of chorea is often associated with genetic disorders such as Huntington's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to the gradual loss of neurons in the brain. In Huntington's disease, chorea is a hallmark symptom and is linked to mutations in the HTT gene. Chorea can also result from other conditions, including Sydenham's chorea, which is a complication of rheumatic fever, Wilson's disease, which involves copper accumulation affecting the basal ganglia, and certain infections or autoimmune disorders. In some cases, chorea may be a side effect of medications, particularly those that affect the dopaminergic system, or result from brain injury or stroke.
Treatment for chorea depends on its underlying cause and severity. In cases associated with genetic or chronic conditions like Huntington's disease, medications such as dopamine antagonists (e.g., tetrabenazine) and antipsychotics may be prescribed to help manage symptoms by modulating neurotransmitter activity. For chorea resulting from infections or autoimmune conditions, treating the primary condition with appropriate antibiotics, immunosuppressants, or other medications may help alleviate symptoms. Physical therapy is beneficial for improving motor control and coordination, while occupational therapy can assist in adapting daily activities to enhance functional independence. A multidisciplinary approach involving medical treatment, therapy, and supportive care is essential for managing chorea and improving quality of life.
